France Travel

Regions Guides

Beyond Paris, France splits into distinct regions, each with its own pace and reason to visit. These guides cover the Loire chateaux, Provence, the Riviera, Alsace, and more, with the practical details for building a multi-region trip.

2-Week France Itinerary: Paris, Loire, Provence, Riviera
ItinerariesRegions

2-Week France Itinerary: Paris, Loire, Provence, Riviera

A day-by-day 14-day France itinerary covering 4 regions by train: 5 nights in Paris, 2 in the Loire Valley, 3 in Provence, and 4 on the French Riviera.

12 min read
Ajaccio or Bastia: Which Corsica Base Fits Your Trip?
Regions

Ajaccio or Bastia: Which Corsica Base Fits Your Trip?

Ajaccio for beaches and the south, Bastia for authenticity and the north. Here's which Corsica base actually fits the trip you're planning.

8 min read
Annecy & the French Alps: A Guide Beyond Skiing
RegionsItineraries

Annecy & the French Alps: A Guide Beyond Skiing

Annecy isn't just a ski gateway. Reach it in 2 hours from Lyon or 40 minutes from Geneva, dodge the summer crowds, and see the Alps without a lift pass.

10 min read
Avignon or Aix-en-Provence: Which Should You Base In?
Regions

Avignon or Aix-en-Provence: Which Should You Base In?

Avignon vs. Aix-en-Provence for a Provence trip: atmosphere, connections, day trips, and a direct verdict on which one fits your itinerary.

7 min read
Basque Country & Dordogne: Where They Actually Fit
RegionsItineraries

Basque Country & Dordogne: Where They Actually Fit

Two of France's best non-Paris regions, both gateway-close to Bordeaux, neither close to each other. Here's how to choose one, combine both, and not overreach.

6 min read
Best Basque Country Villages: Espelette, Ainhoa, and Sare
Regions

Best Basque Country Villages: Espelette, Ainhoa, and Sare

Espelette's pepper facades, Ainhoa's single perfect street, Sare's mountain railway. Which inland Basque villages deserve your time, and how to link them in one day.

8 min read
Best Day Trips from Paris That Are Actually Worth It
ParisRegions

Best Day Trips from Paris That Are Actually Worth It

The best day trips from Paris by train, all under 90 minutes each way, with honest advice on what's worth your time, what's overrated, and when to stay over.

13 min read
Best Day Trips from Toulouse: Carcassonne & Albi
RegionsItineraries

Best Day Trips from Toulouse: Carcassonne & Albi

The best day trips from Toulouse by train and car: Carcassonne's walled Cité, Albi's UNESCO cathedral city, and the slower pace of the Gers countryside.

9 min read
Best Dordogne Villages: Sarlat, La Roque-Gageac & Beynac
Regions

Best Dordogne Villages: Sarlat, La Roque-Gageac & Beynac

Four villages, one short stretch of river, and wildly different characters. Here's how Sarlat, La Roque-Gageac, Domme, and Beynac actually compare.

9 min read
Best Ferry Port to Corsica: Nice, Toulon, or Marseille?
TransportRegions

Best Ferry Port to Corsica: Nice, Toulon, or Marseille?

Crossing times to Corsica range from 5 to 17 hours depending on your mainland port. Here's which one actually matches your Corsican base.

8 min read
Best Regions of France Beyond Paris: Where to Go
RegionsItineraries

Best Regions of France Beyond Paris: Where to Go

Loire chateaux, Provence markets, Normandy beaches, the Riviera, Alsace villages, Lyon food -- pick the one of six French regions that fits your trip best.

9 min read
Best Villages in Occitanie: Minerve, Cordes-sur-Ciel & More
RegionsItineraries

Best Villages in Occitanie: Minerve, Cordes-sur-Ciel & More

Four of Occitanie's best villages, from clifftop Minerve to the arcaded medieval square of Mirepoix, and what makes each one worth a detour from Toulouse.

7 min read
Biarritz Travel Guide: Beaches, Surf & Where to Stay
Regions

Biarritz Travel Guide: Beaches, Surf & Where to Stay

Belle Époque resort meets Europe's surf capital. Which beach to pick, when to visit, and whether Biarritz or Saint-Jean-de-Luz suits your trip better.

10 min read
Brittany Travel Guide: Saint-Malo & the Emerald Coast
RegionsItineraries

Brittany Travel Guide: Saint-Malo & the Emerald Coast

Brittany isn't one trip, it's several. How the 1h25 TGV from Paris actually works, which town to base in, and how to reach Carnac's 3,000 stones car-free.

10 min read
Burgundy Day Trip from Paris: Is It Worth the Distance?
RegionsItineraries

Burgundy Day Trip from Paris: Is It Worth the Distance?

The TGV to Dijon takes 1h35, not much longer than Reims. But Burgundy's wine country isn't in Dijon. Here's the honest day-trip math.

10 min read
Burgundy Wine Region Guide: Dijon, Beaune & the Route des Grands Crus
RegionsTips

Burgundy Wine Region Guide: Dijon, Beaune & the Route des Grands Crus

Dijon is 1h35 from Paris by TGV, but much of Burgundy wine country isn't reachable by train. Here's the honest logistics: base, route, car or no car.

10 min read
Calvi Corsica: Is It Worth the Detour From Ajaccio or Bastia?
Regions

Calvi Corsica: Is It Worth the Detour From Ajaccio or Bastia?

A citadel, a 6km beach, and a WWII wreck dive site in the northwest corner of Corsica. Here's whether Calvi earns the extra travel time.

6 min read
Can You Really Do Normandy in a Day From Paris?
RegionsItineraries

Can You Really Do Normandy in a Day From Paris?

A day trip to Normandy from Paris sounds doable, but it’s a tradeoff. What you gain, what you miss, and how to do it right if you still go.

6 min read
Canal du Midi Guide: Cruising, Cycling, and the Best Stops
RegionsItineraries

Canal du Midi Guide: Cruising, Cycling, and the Best Stops

How to see the UNESCO-listed Canal du Midi: renting a self-drive houseboat, cycling the towpath, and the best stops between Toulouse, Béziers, and Carcassonne.

9 min read
Carcassonne Day Trip Guide: Tickets, Timing & Crowds
RegionsTips

Carcassonne Day Trip Guide: Tickets, Timing & Crowds

How to see La Cité de Carcassonne in a day: the 42-minute train from Toulouse, what's worth paying for inside the walls, and when to dodge the tour groups.

9 min read
Carcassonne or Toulouse: The Honest Base Verdict
RegionsTips

Carcassonne or Toulouse: The Honest Base Verdict

Carcassonne vs Toulouse: a 45-minute train apart, walled-city atmosphere versus big-city transit hub, day-trip range, and a direct verdict on where to book.

9 min read
Cathar Castles Guide: Best Fortresses Near Carcassonne
RegionsItineraries

Cathar Castles Guide: Best Fortresses Near Carcassonne

Peyrepertuse, Quéribus, Puilaurens, Montségur: five Cathar castles within roughly an hour of Carcassonne, which ones are worth the drive, and which to skip.

9 min read
Champagne Day Trip from Paris: Reims vs Epernay, Guided vs Self-Guided
RegionsItineraries

Champagne Day Trip from Paris: Reims vs Epernay, Guided vs Self-Guided

Reims is 45 minutes from Paris by TGV, Epernay about 1h15 by TER. Here's how to pick the town, the houses, and whether a guided tour is worth it.

6 min read
Corsica by Train: Is the Chemins de Fer Worth Planning Around?
RegionsTransport

Corsica by Train: Is the Chemins de Fer Worth Planning Around?

A narrow-gauge line links Ajaccio, Bastia, and Calvi through Corsica's mountains. Here's the real schedule, fares, and whether to build your trip around it.

9 min read
Corsica or Sardinia: Which Should You Actually Book?
Regions

Corsica or Sardinia: Which Should You Actually Book?

Corsica is the mountainous hiking island with a straight ferry from Nice; Sardinia is bigger, cheaper, and harder to reach from France. Here's the real decision.

7 min read
Corsica Travel Guide: Getting There and Choosing a Base
RegionsItineraries

Corsica Travel Guide: Getting There and Choosing a Base

No train reaches Corsica, only ferry or flight. Here's how to get there, which base fits your trip, and how the island actually breaks down for first-timers.

7 min read
Dijon or Beaune: Where to Stay for a Burgundy Trip
RegionsTips

Dijon or Beaune: Where to Stay for a Burgundy Trip

Dijon has the trains and the city life. Beaune has the vineyards on its doorstep. Here's a direct verdict on which one should be your Burgundy base.

9 min read
Dordogne Castles: Which Ones Are Worth Your Time
Regions

Dordogne Castles: Which Ones Are Worth Your Time

Beynac or Castelnaud, or both? A clear-eyed guide to the Dordogne's rival medieval castles and which ones actually earn a spot on your itinerary.

8 min read
Dordogne Itinerary: 4 to 7 Days in the Périgord
RegionsItineraries

Dordogne Itinerary: 4 to 7 Days in the Périgord

How to structure a Dordogne trip around Sarlat, the river villages, and the caves: a 4-day version and a fuller 7-day version that adds Lascaux and a canoe day.

10 min read
Dordogne Without a Car: What's Actually Possible
RegionsTransport

Dordogne Without a Car: What's Actually Possible

The Dordogne's villages line the river, not a rail map. Here's what genuinely works without a car, and why most people should just rent one.

8 min read
Ferry or Flight to Corsica: Which Should You Book?
TransportRegions

Ferry or Flight to Corsica: Which Should You Book?

Ferry from Nice starts around €24 and takes 5-8 hours; flying averages €121 and 1.5 hours in the air. Here's which actually wins for your trip.

8 min read
France Itinerary: 7 Days Across Paris and Beyond
ItinerariesRegions

France Itinerary: 7 Days Across Paris and Beyond

A realistic 7-day France itinerary: start in Paris, add one strong second base, and skip the classic mistake of trying to see half the country.

16 min read
French Basque Country Itinerary: 3 to 5 Days
RegionsItineraries

French Basque Country Itinerary: 3 to 5 Days

Coast or coast-plus-villages? Here's how to structure 3 or 5 days between Biarritz, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Espelette, and Ainhoa without wasting a morning.

9 min read
French Pyrenees Itinerary: Hiking & Mountain Towns
RegionsItineraries

French Pyrenees Itinerary: Hiking & Mountain Towns

How to plan a trip to the Occitanie side of the French Pyrenees: Gavarnie, Saint-Lary-Soulan, Luchon, and how many days the mountain towns actually need.

8 min read
French Rental Cars in Plain English: Autoroutes, Crit’Air, Insurance
TransportRegions

French Rental Cars in Plain English: Autoroutes, Crit’Air, Insurance

Renting a car in France: when it makes sense, what insurance actually matters, how tolls work, and the low-emission zone rules most tourists miss.

15 min read
Getting to Basque Country: Trains, Flights & Driving
RegionsTransport

Getting to Basque Country: Trains, Flights & Driving

Direct TGV, a Bordeaux connection, or a flight into Biarritz: the real trade-offs for reaching France's Basque Country, and what you'll need once you're there.

9 min read
Getting to Brittany from Paris: Train, Car, or Fly
RegionsTransport

Getting to Brittany from Paris: Train, Car, or Fly

The TGV to Rennes takes 1h25 and beats flying on almost every Brittany route. Here's the honest breakdown of train, car, and flight costs and times.

10 min read
Getting to Occitanie: Trains, Airports & Transport
TransportRegions

Getting to Occitanie: Trains, Airports & Transport

How to get to Occitanie and move around it: Toulouse-Blagnac airport, TGV links from Paris, Carcassonne's budget airport, and the region's train routes.

8 min read
GR10 Pyrenees: What It Is and How to Hike a Section
HikingOutdoors

GR10 Pyrenees: What It Is and How to Hike a Section

The GR10 crosses the French Pyrenees coast-to-coast in about 45 days over 55 official stages. What the trail is and how to find a realistic section to hike.

9 min read
GR20 Corsica: Difficulty, Stages, and How to Plan It
HikingOutdoors

GR20 Corsica: Difficulty, Stages, and How to Plan It

The GR20 crosses Corsica in one of Europe's toughest treks: scrambling, chains, 15-16 days end to end. Difficulty, stages, and how to plan a safe crossing.

11 min read
GR34 Brittany Coast Path: The Sentier des Douaniers Guide
HikingOutdoors

GR34 Brittany Coast Path: The Sentier des Douaniers Guide

The GR34 runs about 2,000km around Brittany's coast. Why almost nobody walks all of it, and how to pick a rewarding day from a Saint-Malo or Dinan base.

10 min read
Hauts-de-France Travel Guide: Lille, Arras & the Somme
RegionsTransport

Hauts-de-France Travel Guide: Lille, Arras & the Somme

Flemish city streets and the Somme's 72,000 WWI memorial names, both under 1h15 from Paris by train. What's worth it, and how to get there without a car.

9 min read
Hiking in France: The Complete Guide to Choosing Your Trail
HikingOutdoors

Hiking in France: The Complete Guide to Choosing Your Trail

Which French trail actually fits you: GR20, GR10, over 115,000km of GR routes, or something gentler. A decision guide to regions, seasons, huts, and gear.

17 min read
Hiking the Calanques: Marseille's Car-Free Day Hike Guide
HikingOutdoors

Hiking the Calanques: Marseille's Car-Free Day Hike Guide

How to hike four calanques between Marseille and Cassis without a car: Sugiton for beginners, wilder En-Vau, and the summer reservation system explained.

9 min read
How Many Days Do You Need in Corsica?
RegionsItineraries

How Many Days Do You Need in Corsica?

10 days is the sweet spot for a first trip, but the real answer depends on whether you're doing one base or a full-island loop. Here's the honest breakdown.

9 min read
How Many Nights in Strasbourg? A Quick Answer
RegionsTransport

How Many Nights in Strasbourg? A Quick Answer

How many nights to spend in Strasbourg: our recommendation by trip length (1 to 3 nights), plus exactly what to prioritize if you only have one night there.

14 min read
Is Amiens Worth a Day Trip from Paris?
RegionsItineraries

Is Amiens Worth a Day Trip from Paris?

Yes: Amiens is about an hour from Paris by direct train, and the cathedral plus floating gardens fill a full day. The Somme battlefields are a separate trip.

8 min read
Is Annecy Worth a Day Trip from Lyon or Geneva?
RegionsItineraries

Is Annecy Worth a Day Trip from Lyon or Geneva?

Geneva to Annecy is under an hour. Lyon is a 4-hour round trip before you've done anything. Here's the honest verdict on whether a day trip holds up.

9 min read
Is Bonifacio Worth the Trip? Corsica's Cliff Town, Honestly Assessed
Regions

Is Bonifacio Worth the Trip? Corsica's Cliff Town, Honestly Assessed

A medieval citadel on white cliffs with a 187-step staircase carved into the rock. Here's whether Bonifacio earns the detour, and how much time it needs.

6 min read
Is Chamonix Worth It for Skiing? The Honest Verdict
SkiingOutdoors

Is Chamonix Worth It for Skiing? The Honest Verdict

Chamonix's Vallée Blanche is a 20km off-piste run from 3,842m, but its skiing suits few visitors. Here's who it's worth it for, and who should book elsewhere.

10 min read
Is Corsica Worth It Without a Car?
RegionsTransport

Is Corsica Worth It Without a Car?

Corsica is built for road trips, but the internal train and coastal buses cover more than you'd expect. Here's what works without a car, and what doesn't.

7 min read
Is Lille Worth a Day Trip from Paris?
RegionsItineraries

Is Lille Worth a Day Trip from Paris?

The direct TGV from Paris Gare du Nord takes about an hour, leaving 6-8 hours on the ground. Enough for Lille itself, not enough to add Arras or Bruges.

11 min read
Is Porto-Vecchio Worth Basing In, or Just a Beach Stop?
Regions

Is Porto-Vecchio Worth Basing In, or Just a Beach Stop?

Palombaggia, Santa Giulia, and Cala Rossa are minutes away, but the town itself is thin on sightseeing. Here's who should actually base here.

7 min read
Is the Aiguille du Midi Worth It? Cost and Crowds, Honestly
HikingOutdoors

Is the Aiguille du Midi Worth It? Cost and Crowds, Honestly

Chamonix's cable car to 3,842 meters costs €60-83 for adults in 2026 and sells out on clear days. An honest verdict on cost, crowds, and who should skip it.

12 min read
Lille or Arras: Where to Base for Hauts-de-France
RegionsTips

Lille or Arras: Where to Base for Hauts-de-France

Lille is a city of 235,000 with a direct TGV to Paris in an hour; Arras sits 30 minutes closer to the Somme. Here's the direct verdict on where to base.

8 min read
Lille vs Bruges: Which Day Trip Is Better?
RegionsItineraries

Lille vs Bruges: Which Day Trip Is Better?

Lille (about 235,000 people) or Bruges (about 118,000)? Bruges wins the postcard photo trip, while Lille wins on real food, nightlife, and far less crowding.

8 min read
Loire Valley Without a Car: Châteaux by Train & Bike
RegionsTransport

Loire Valley Without a Car: Châteaux by Train & Bike

Visiting Loire Valley without a car is doable. Best train base towns, châteaux within walking or cycling distance, and what you genuinely can’t reach.

8 min read
Lourdes Travel Guide: Sanctuary & Pyrenees Foothills
RegionsTips

Lourdes Travel Guide: Sanctuary & Pyrenees Foothills

How to visit Lourdes, one of the world's most-visited pilgrimage sites: the Sanctuary and Grotto, respectful visiting etiquette, and how to get there.

7 min read
Lyon to Annecy: Train, Bus, or Car
RegionsTransport

Lyon to Annecy: Train, Bus, or Car

Direct trains take about 2 hours and cost €20-45. Buses are cheaper but slower. Driving is scenic until you hit Annecy's old town parking. Here's the honest breakdown.

8 min read
Mont Saint-Michel Day Trip: From Paris or From Normandy?
RegionsItineraries

Mont Saint-Michel Day Trip: From Paris or From Normandy?

Mont-Saint-Michel is a base question, not a Normandy-vs-Brittany one: 8-10 hours round-trip from Paris versus under an hour from Saint-Malo, plus the tides.

9 min read
North or South Corsica: Which Half Should You Base In?
Regions

North or South Corsica: Which Half Should You Base In?

Mountain villages and Cap Corse in the north, beach resorts and Bonifacio in the south. Here's which half of Corsica actually fits your trip.

7 min read
Occitanie Itinerary: 7 Days from Toulouse to the Pyrenees
ItinerariesRegions

Occitanie Itinerary: 7 Days from Toulouse to the Pyrenees

A day-by-day 7-day Occitanie itinerary: Toulouse, Carcassonne, the Cathar castles, and a Pyrenees leg through Lourdes, with a full car-vs-train breakdown.

9 min read
Occitanie Travel Guide: Toulouse, Carcassonne & Pyrenees
RegionsItineraries

Occitanie Travel Guide: Toulouse, Carcassonne & Pyrenees

What Occitanie actually is: a 240km UNESCO canal, Toulouse's pink-brick center, Carcassonne's walls, and the Pyrenees, and how to plan a trip across all of it.

17 min read
Paris to Nice: Train or Flight? The Honest Comparison
TransportRegions

Paris to Nice: Train or Flight? The Honest Comparison

TGV takes 5h40-7h and starts around €19-39; flying takes 1h35 in the air but 4-5 hours door-to-door once transfers are counted. Here's which actually wins.

6 min read
Pick a South-of-France Base: Nice, the Riviera Coast, or Inland Provence
RegionsItineraries

Pick a South-of-France Base: Nice, the Riviera Coast, or Inland Provence

Nice or Provence? The Riviera and the inland South of France are completely different trips. Here’s how to pick the base that actually fits yours.

8 min read
Pont du Gard and Nimes Day Trip: Roman Occitanie in One Day
RegionsItineraries

Pont du Gard and Nimes Day Trip: Roman Occitanie in One Day

How to combine the Pont du Gard aqueduct and Nîmes' Roman amphitheater in a single day, including tickets, distances, and how to get there without a car.

8 min read
Pyrenees or Alps for Skiing? An Honest Guide
SkiingOutdoors

Pyrenees or Alps for Skiing? An Honest Guide

I've skied both for years. Pyrenees peaks top out near 3,400m, 1,400m lower than the Alps, but cost less with far fewer crowds. Here's who should pick which.

10 min read
Saint-Jean-de-Luz: The Calmer Basque Coast Town
Regions

Saint-Jean-de-Luz: The Calmer Basque Coast Town

Sheltered bay, historic old town, and pintxos instead of surf crowds. Where Saint-Jean-de-Luz beats Biarritz, and where it doesn't.

9 min read
Saint-Malo or Dinan: Which Is the Best Brittany Base?
RegionsTips

Saint-Malo or Dinan: Which Is the Best Brittany Base?

Saint-Malo vs Dinan for a Brittany trip: walkability, Emerald Coast access, Mont-Saint-Michel just 1 hour away, price, and a direct verdict on which to book.

9 min read
Skiing in France: The Ultimate Complete Guide
SkiingOutdoors

Skiing in France: The Ultimate Complete Guide

Everything you need to plan a French ski trip: how the Alps and Pyrenees compare, how to pick a resort, when to go, what it costs, and how to get there.

17 min read
Somme Battlefields Without a Car: What's Actually Possible
RegionsTransport

Somme Battlefields Without a Car: What's Actually Possible

No train reaches Thiepval, Beaumont-Hamel, or Vimy Ridge, and the memorials sit 15 to 40 minutes further by road. Here's what a car-free visit actually takes.

9 min read
Somme WWI Battlefields: A Respectful Day Trip Guide
RegionsTips

Somme WWI Battlefields: A Respectful Day Trip Guide

Thiepval's 72,000 names, Beaumont-Hamel, Vimy Ridge, Lochnagar Crater, Villers-Bretonneux: which Somme sites to prioritize and how to visit respectfully.

10 min read
The Best Ski Resorts in the French Pyrenees, Ranked
SkiingOutdoors

The Best Ski Resorts in the French Pyrenees, Ranked

A first-person guide to seven French Pyrenees ski resorts, from Grand Tourmalet's 100km terrain to Font-Romeu's guaranteed sunshine, ranked and compared.

13 min read
Three Valleys or Paradiski: Which One Is Better?
SkiingOutdoors

Three Valleys or Paradiski: Which One Is Better?

Les Trois Vallées spans roughly 600km of piste versus Paradiski's 425km. Here's how the two biggest French ski areas compare on snow, price, and character.

10 min read
Toulouse Travel Guide: Sights, Food & Neighborhoods
RegionsItineraries

Toulouse Travel Guide: Sights, Food & Neighborhoods

Why Toulouse is called la ville rose, the sights worth your time (Saint-Sernin, the Capitole, Cité de l'Espace), and how to eat and get around the city.

9 min read
Tour du Mont Blanc: The Complete Guide to Hiking the TMB
HikingOutdoors

Tour du Mont Blanc: The Complete Guide to Hiking the TMB

What the TMB actually involves, realistic day-counts for average and experienced hikers, and why refuge booking (not fitness) is what makes or breaks the trip.

12 min read
Versailles Day Trip From Paris: The Complete Guide
ParisRegions

Versailles Day Trip From Paris: The Complete Guide

Versailles is worth it from Paris, but only as a full day. How to handle RER C, timed tickets, crowds, and the 10-minute walk without turning it into a slog.

10 min read
Where to Stay at Mont Saint Michel: Island vs Nearby Towns
Regions

Where to Stay at Mont Saint Michel: Island vs Nearby Towns

Mont Saint Michel hotels range from €9 hostel beds to €195+ on the island — should you sleep on the Mont, in La Caserne, or Pontorson? Here's how to choose.

8 min read
Where to Stay in Bordeaux: Best Areas for First-Timers
Regions

Where to Stay in Bordeaux: Best Areas for First-Timers

Six Bordeaux neighborhoods from €70 to €300+ a night, compared by price, vibe, and tram access — where first-time visitors should actually stay.

9 min read
Where to Stay in Lyon If Food, Walking, and Trains Matter
Regions

Where to Stay in Lyon If Food, Walking, and Trains Matter

Picking the right area in Lyon changes your entire trip. Here’s how to choose based on food, walkability, and train access, without overthinking it.

7 min read
Where to Stay in the Dordogne: Sarlat vs Bergerac
Regions

Where to Stay in the Dordogne: Sarlat vs Bergerac

Sarlat is the easy first choice, but not the only one. A base-by-base comparison of Sarlat, Bergerac, the hilltop villages, and countryside gîtes.

9 min read
Wine Tasting Tours in France: Guided vs Self-Drive, and Which Region to Pick
RegionsTips

Wine Tasting Tours in France: Guided vs Self-Drive, and Which Region to Pick

A wine tasting with a cellar visit in France averages EUR88, ranging EUR12-165. Here's how to pick a region, choose guided vs self-drive, and book it right.

6 min read